Kalmusia italica
Kalmusia italica Thambug., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, in Liu et al., Fungal Diversity: 10.1007/s13225-015-0324-y, [85] (2015)
Index Fungorum number: IF 550915; Facesofungi number: FoF 00388
Etymology: in reference to its occurrence in Italy
Holotype: MFLU 14-0620.
Saprobic on branches of Spartium junceum. Sexual morph: Ascomata (140–)200–300 μm high × 150–280 μm diam. (x̄ = 214 × 198 μm, n=10), gregarious or grouped, immersed to semi-immersed, dark brown to black, uniloculate, globose to subglobose, medium to large-sized and coriaceous, fusing with the host tissue, with a central ostiole. Peridium 10–20 μm wide, comprising a few layers of dark brown to lightly pigmented cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising 1–2 μm wide, dense, cellular, hyaline, aseptate, pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing above the asci, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 90–135 × 14–20 μm (x̄ = 107.5 × 17.7 μm, n =15), 4–8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindro-clavate to clavate, pedicellate, apically rounded with a small ocular chamber. Ascospores 21–27 × 6–8.6 μm (x̄ = 23 × 7.2 μm, n = 25), overlapping 1–2-seriate, fusoid to fusoid-ellipsoidal, with broadly to narrowly rounded ends, pale brown to dark yellowish-brown, 3-septate, strongly constricted at the septum, with verruculose ascospore wall surrounded by mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Pycnidia solitary, gregarious or grouped, superficial on PDA, ostiolate. Pycnidial wall up to 50–90 μm wide, comprising several layers of pseudoparenchymatous, cells of textura angularis and textura prismatica, the outer layer composed of thick-walled, dark brown cells, lighter towards the inner layers of hyaline cells. Conidiogenous cells 3.4–6.2 × 2–3.5 μm (x̄ = 4.8 × 3.1 μm, n = 20), short cylindric, conidiogenous holoblastic, hyaline, smooth. Conidia 1–1.5 × 2–3.4 μm (x̄ =1.2 × 2.9 μm, n = 25), oblong, ellipsoid-cylindric, aseptate, hyaline to lightly pigmented, smooth-walled.
Culture characters: Ascospores germinating on PDA within 18 h and producing germ tubes from both ends. Colonies growing slowly on PDA MEA, reaching a diam. of 30 mm after 9 d at 25 °C, flat, surface smooth to velvety, with entire edge, white, fairly dense, filamentous; reverse white to pale white, non-pigmented..
Material examined: ITALY, province of Forlì-Cesena [FC], Montebello, Modigliana, on a dead branch of Spartium junceum L. (Fabaceae), 14 October 2012, E. Camporesi, IT 827 (MFLU 14-0620, holotype), ex-type living cultures, MFLUCC 13-0066.
GenBank ITS: KP325440, LSU: KP325441, SSU: KP325442, ibid. (PDD, isotype).
Notes: Kalmusia was introduced by Niessl (1872) based on K. ebuli Niessl and is characterized by immersed to erumpent ascomata, filiform, delicate, septate pseudoparaphyses, bitunicate, clavate asci with narrowly ovoid to clavate, pale brown, 3-septate ascospores. Kalmusia has been reported to have coniothyrium-like, Cytoplea, Microsphaeropsis and Paraconiothyrium asexual morphs (Zhang et al. 2012, Ariyawansa et al. 2014, Zhang et al. 2014). Kalmusia italica is distinct from K. ebuli in having aseptate pseudoparaphyses, asci with short pedicel and a mucilaginous sheath.
Figure x. Kalmusia italica (MFLU 14-0620, holotype) a, b Ascomata on host surface. c Section through ascomata. d Peridium. e Immature ascus. f,g Mature bitunicate asci (note the pseudoparaphyses in g). h–j Ascospores. k Germinating ascospore. l Ascospore stained with Indian ink. Scale bars: c= 200μm, d=50μm, e-g=25μm, h-l= 10μm.
Fif. xx Kalmusia italica Asexual morph (MFLUCC 13-0066, ex-type culture). a, b Pycnidia on MEA. c Section of pycnidia. d Pycnidial wall. e, f=Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. g Conidia. Scale bars: c=200μm, d=100μm, e-f=15μm, g=10μm.
References:
Ariyawansa HA, Hawksworth DL, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Manamgoda DS, Thambugala KM, Udayanga D, Camporesi E, Daranagama A, Jayawardena R, Liu JK, McKenzie EHC, Phookamsak R, Senanayake IC, Shivas RG, Tian Q, Xu JC 2014 – Epitypification and neotypification: guidelines with appropriate and inappropriate examples. Fungal Diversity 69, 57–91.
Liu JK, Hyde KD, Jones EG, Ariyawansa HA et al. 2015 – Fungal diversity notes 1–110: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species. Fungal diversity 72, 1–97.
Niessl G 1872 – Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Pilze. Beschreibung neuer und wenig bekannter Pilze. Verh Naturforschenden Vereines Brünn 10, 153–217.
Zhang Y, Crous PW, Schoch CL, Hyde KD 2012 – Pleosporales. Fungal Diversity 53, 1–221.
Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Fournier J, Crous PW, Zhang X, Li W, Ariyawansa HA, Hyde KD 2014 – Neotypification and phylogeny of Kalmusia. Phytotaxa 176, 64–173.
Last update: 03 March 2021